12.59.1 SSAX data types

TAG-KIND

a symbol ’START, ’END, ’PI, ’DECL, ’COMMENT, ’CDSECT or ’ENTITY-REF that identifies a markup token.

UNRES-NAME

a name (called GI in the XML Recommendation) as given in an xml document for a markup token: start-tag, PI target, attribute name. If a GI is an NCName, UNRES-NAME is this NCName converted into a Scheme symbol. If a GI is a QName, UNRES-NAME is a pair of symbols: (PREFIX . LOCALPART)

RES-NAME

An expanded name, a resolved version of an UNRES-NAME. For an element or an attribute name with a non-empty namespace URI, RES-NAME is a pair of symbols, (URI-SYMB . LOCALPART). Otherwise, it’s a single symbol.

ELEM-CONTENT-MODEL

A symbol:

ANY	anything goes, expect an END tag.
EMPTY-TAG	no content, and no END-tag is coming.
EMPTY	no content, expect the END-tag as the next token.
PCDATA	expect character data only, and no children elements.
MIXED
ELEM-CONTENT

URI-SYMB

A symbol representing a namespace URI – or other symbol chosen by the user to represent URI. In the former case, URI-SYMB is created by %-quoting of bad URI characters and converting the resulting string into a symbol.

NAMESPACES

A list representing namespaces in effect. An element of the list has one of the following forms:

(prefix uri-symb . uri-symb)

or,

(prefix user-prefix . uri-symb)

user-prefix is a symbol chosen by the user to represent the URI.

(#f user-prefix . uri-symb)

Specification of the user-chosen prefix and a uri-symbol.

(*DEFAULT* user-prefix . uri-symb)

Declaration of the default namespace

(*DEFAULT* #f . #f)

Un-declaration of the default namespace. This notation represents overriding of the previous declaration

A NAMESPACES list may contain several elements for the same PREFIX. The one closest to the beginning of the list takes effect.

ATTLIST

An ordered collection of (NAME . VALUE) pairs, where NAME is a RES-NAME or an UNRES-NAME. The collection is an ADT.

STR-HANDLER

A procedure of three arguments: (string1 string2 seed) returning a new seed. The procedure is supposed to handle a chunk of character data string1 followed by a chunk of character data string2. string2 is a short string, often "\n" and even ""

ENTITIES

An assoc list of pairs:

  (named-entity-name . named-entity-body)

where named-entity-name is a symbol under which the entity was declared, named-entity-body is either a string, or (for an external entity) a thunk that will return an input port (from which the entity can be read). named-entity-body may also be #f. This is an indication that a named-entity-name is currently being expanded. A reference to this named-entity-name will be an error: violation of the WFC nonrecursion.

XML-TOKEN

A record with two slots, kind and token. This record represents a markup, which is, according to the XML Recommendation, "takes the form of start-tags, end-tags, empty-element tags, entity references, character references, comments, CDATA section delimiters, document type declarations, and processing instructions."

kind

a TAG-KIND

head

an UNRES-NAME. For xml-tokens of kinds ’COMMENT and ’CDSECT, the head is #f

For example,

<P>  => kind='START, head='P
</P> => kind='END, head='P
<BR/> => kind='EMPTY-EL, head='BR
<!DOCTYPE OMF ...> => kind='DECL, head='DOCTYPE
<?xml version="1.0"?> => kind='PI, head='xml
&my-ent; => kind = 'ENTITY-REF, head='my-ent

Character references are not represented by xml-tokens as these references are transparently resolved into the corresponding characters.

XML-DECL

A record with three slots, elems, entities, and notations.

The record represents a datatype of an XML document: the list of declared elements and their attributes, declared notations, list of replacement strings or loading procedures for parsed general entities, etc. Normally an xml-decl record is created from a DTD or an XML Schema, although it can be created and filled in in many other ways (e.g., loaded from a file).

elems: an (assoc) list of decl-elem or #f. The latter instructs the parser to do no validation of elements and attributes.

decl-elem: declaration of one element: (elem-name elem-content decl-attrs); elem-name is an UNRES-NAME for the element. elem-content is an ELEM-CONTENT-MODEL. decl-attrs is an ATTLIST, of (attr-name . value) associations. This element can declare a user procedure to handle parsing of an element (e.g., to do a custom validation, or to build a hash of IDs as they’re encountered).

decl-attr: an element of an ATTLIST, declaration of one attribute (attr-name content-type use-type default-value): attr-name is an UNRES-NAME for the declared attribute; content-type is a symbol: CDATA, NMTOKEN, NMTOKENS, ...; or a list of strings for the enumerated type. use-type is a symbol: REQUIRED, IMPLIED, FIXED default-value is a string for the default value, or #f if not given.

Function: make-empty-attlist ¶

Function: attlist-add attlist name-value ¶

Function: attlist-null? ¶

Function: attlist-remove-top attlist ¶

Function: attlist->alist attlist ¶

Function: attlist-fold ¶

{sxml.ssax} Utility procedures to deal with attribute list, which keeps name-value association.

Function: make-xml-token kind head ¶

Function: xml-token? token ¶

{sxml.ssax} A constructor and a predicate for a XML-TOKEN record.

Macro: xml-token-kind token ¶

Macro: xml-token-head token ¶

{sxml.ssax} Accessor macros of a XML-TOKEN record.

---

12.59.2 SSAX low-level parsing code

They deal with primitive lexical units (Names, whitespaces, tags) and with pieces of more generic productions. Most of these parsers must be called in appropriate context. For example, ssax:complete-start-tag must be called only when the start-tag has been detected and its GI has been read.

Function: ssax:skip-S port ¶

{sxml.ssax} Skip the S (whitespace) production as defined by

 [3] S ::= (#x20 | #x9 | #xD | #xA)

The procedure returns the first not-whitespace character it encounters while scanning the port. This character is left on the input stream.

Function: ssax:ncname-starting-char? a-char ¶

{sxml.ssax} Check to see if a-char may start a NCName.

Function: ssax:read-NCName port ¶

{sxml.ssax} Read a NCName starting from the current position in the port and return it as a symbol.

Function: ssax:read-QName port ¶

{sxml.ssax} Read a (namespace-) Qualified Name, QName, from the current position in the port.

From REC-xml-names:

 [6] QName ::= (Prefix ':')? LocalPart
 [7] Prefix ::= NCName
 [8] LocalPart ::= NCName

Return: an UNRES-NAME.

Variable: ssax:Prefix-XML ¶

{sxml.ssax} The prefix of the pre-defined XML namespace, i.e. ’xml.

Function: ssax:read-markup-token port ¶

{sxml.ssax} This procedure starts parsing of a markup token. The current position in the stream must be #\<. This procedure scans enough of the input stream to figure out what kind of a markup token it is seeing. The procedure returns an xml-token structure describing the token. Note, generally reading of the current markup is not finished! In particular, no attributes of the start-tag token are scanned.

Here’s a detailed break out of the return values and the position in the port when that particular value is returned:

PI-token

only PI-target is read. To finish the Processing Instruction and disregard it, call ssax:skip-pi. ssax:read-attributes may be useful as well (for PIs whose content is attribute-value pairs)

END-token

The end tag is read completely; the current position is right after the terminating #\> character.

COMMENT

is read and skipped completely. The current position is right after "-->" that terminates the comment.

CDSECT

The current position is right after "<!CDATA[". Use ssax:read-cdata-body to read the rest.

DECL

We have read the keyword (the one that follows "<!") identifying this declaration markup. The current position is after the keyword (usually a whitespace character)

START-token

We have read the keyword (GI) of this start tag. No attributes are scanned yet. We don’t know if this tag has an empty content either. Use ssax:complete-start-tag to finish parsing of the token.

Function: ssax:skip-pi port ¶

{sxml.ssax} The current position is inside a PI. Skip till the rest of the PI.

Function: ssax:read-pi-body-as-string port ¶

{sxml.ssax} The current position is right after reading the PITarget. We read the body of PI and return it as a string. The port will point to the character right after ’?>’ combination that terminates PI.

 [16] PI ::= '<?' PITarget (S (Char* - (Char* '?>' Char*)))? '?>'

Function: ssax:skip-internal-dtd port ¶

{sxml.ssax} The current pos in the port is inside an internal DTD subset (e.g., after reading #\[ that begins an internal DTD subset) Skip until the "]>" combination that terminates this DTD

Function: ssax:read-cdata-body port str-handler seed ¶

{sxml.ssax} This procedure must be called after we have read a string "<![CDATA[" that begins a CDATA section. The current position must be the first position of the CDATA body. This function reads lines of the CDATA body and passes them to a STR-HANDLER, a character data consumer.

The str-handler is a STR-HANDLER, a procedure string1 string2 seed. The first string1 argument to STR-HANDLER never contains a newline. The second string2 argument often will. On the first invocation of the STR-HANDLER, the seed is the one passed to ssax:read-cdata-body as the third argument. The result of this first invocation will be passed as the seed argument to the second invocation of the line consumer, and so on. The result of the last invocation of the STR-HANDLER is returned by the ssax:read-cdata-body. Note a similarity to the fundamental ’fold’ iterator.

Within a CDATA section all characters are taken at their face value, with only three exceptions:

• CR, LF, and CRLF are treated as line delimiters, and passed as a single #\newline to the STR-HANDLER.
• "]]>" combination is the end of the CDATA section.
• > is treated as an embedded #\> character. Note, < and & are not specially recognized (and are not expanded)!

Function: ssax:read-char-ref port ¶

{sxml.ssax}

 [66]  CharRef ::=  '&#' [0-9]+ ';'
                  | '&#x' [0-9a-fA-F]+ ';'

This procedure must be called after we we have read "&#" that introduces a char reference. The procedure reads this reference and returns the corresponding char. The current position in port will be after ";" that terminates the char reference. Faults detected: WFC: XML-Spec.html#wf-Legalchar.

According to Section "4.1 Character and Entity References" of the XML Recommendation:

"[Definition: A character reference refers to a specific character in the ISO/IEC 10646 character set, for example one not directly accessible from available input devices.]"

Therefore, we use a ucscode->char function to convert a character code into the character – regardless of the current character encoding of the input stream.

Function: ssax:handle-parsed-entity port name entities content-handler str-handler seed ¶

{sxml.ssax} Expand and handle a parsed-entity reference

• port - a PORT
• name - the name of the parsed entity to expand, a symbol.
• entities - see ENTITIES
• content-handler - procedure port entities seed that is supposed to return a seed.
• str-handler - a STR-HANDLER. It is called if the entity in question turns out to be a pre-declared entity

The result is the one returned by content-handler or str-handler.

Faults detected:

  WFC: XML-Spec.html#wf-entdeclared
  WFC: XML-Spec.html#norecursion

Function: ssax:read-attributes port entities ¶

{sxml.ssax} This procedure reads and parses a production Attribute*

 [41] Attribute ::= Name Eq AttValue
 [10] AttValue ::=  '"' ([^<&"] | Reference)* '"'
                 | "'" ([^<&'] | Reference)* "'"
 [25] Eq ::= S? '=' S?

The procedure returns an ATTLIST, of Name (as UNRES-NAME), Value (as string) pairs. The current character on the port is a non-whitespace character that is not an ncname-starting character.

Note the following rules to keep in mind when reading an ’AttValue’ "Before the value of an attribute is passed to the application or checked for validity, the XML processor must normalize it as follows:

• a character reference is processed by appending the referenced character to the attribute value
• an entity reference is processed by recursively processing the replacement text of the entity [see ENTITIES] [named entities amp lt gt quot apos are assumed pre-declared]
• a whitespace character (#x20, #xD, #xA, #x9) is processed by appending #x20 to the normalized value, except that only a single #x20 is appended for a "#xD#xA" sequence that is part of an external parsed entity or the literal entity value of an internal parsed entity
• other characters are processed by appending them to the normalized value "

Faults detected:

 WFC: XML-Spec.html#CleanAttrVals
 WFC: XML-Spec.html#uniqattspec

Function: ssax:resolve-name port unres-name namespaces apply-default-ns? ¶

{sxml.ssax} Convert an unres-name to a res-name given the appropriate namespaces declarations. The last parameter apply-default-ns? determines if the default namespace applies (for instance, it does not for attribute names)

Per REC-xml-names/#nsc-NSDeclared, "xml" prefix is considered pre-declared and bound to the namespace name "http://www.w3.org/XML/1998/namespace".

This procedure tests for the namespace constraints: http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml-names/#nsc-NSDeclared.

Function: ssax:uri-string->symbol uri-str ¶

{sxml.ssax} Convert a uri-str to an appropriate symbol.

Function: ssax:complete-start-tag tag port elems entities namespaces ¶

{sxml.ssax} This procedure is to complete parsing of a start-tag markup. The procedure must be called after the start tag token has been read. Tag is an UNRES-NAME. Elem s is an instance of xml-decl::elems; it can be #f to tell the function to do no validation of elements and their attributes.

This procedure returns several values:

elem-gi

a RES-NAME.

attributes

element’s attributes, an ATTLIST of (res-name . string) pairs. The list does not include xmlns attributes.

namespaces

the input list of namespaces amended with namespace (re-)declarations contained within the start-tag under parsing ELEM-CONTENT-MODEL.

On exit, the current position in port will be the first character after #\> that terminates the start-tag markup.

Faults detected:

 VC: XML-Spec.html#enum
 VC: XML-Spec.html#RequiredAttr
 VC: XML-Spec.html#FixedAttr
 VC: XML-Spec.html#ValueType
 WFC: XML-Spec.html#uniqattspec (after namespaces prefixes are resolved)
 VC: XML-Spec.html#elementvalid
 WFC: REC-xml-names/#dt-NSName

Note, although XML Recommendation does not explicitly say it, xmlns and xmlns: attributes don’t have to be declared (although they can be declared, to specify their default value).

Function: ssax:read-external-id port ¶

{sxml.ssax} This procedure parses an ExternalID production.

 [75] ExternalID ::= 'SYSTEM' S SystemLiteral
                 | 'PUBLIC' S PubidLiteral S SystemLiteral
 [11] SystemLiteral ::= ('"' [^"]* '"') | ("'" [^']* "'")
 [12] PubidLiteral ::=  '"' PubidChar* '"' | "'" (PubidChar - "'")* "'"
 [13] PubidChar ::=  #x20 | #xD | #xA | [a-zA-Z0-9]
                | [-'()+,./:=?;!*#@$_%]

This procedure is supposed to be called when an ExternalID is expected; that is, the current character must be either #\S or #\P that start correspondingly a SYSTEM or PUBLIC token. This procedure returns the SystemLiteral as a string. A PubidLiteral is disregarded if present.

---

12.59.3 SSAX higher-level parsers and scanners

They parse productions corresponding to the whole (document) entity or its higher-level pieces (prolog, root element, etc).

Function: ssax:scan-Misc port ¶

{sxml.ssax} Scan the Misc production in the context:

[1]  document ::=  prolog element Misc*
[22] prolog ::= XMLDecl? Misc* (doctypedec l Misc*)?
[27] Misc ::= Comment | PI |  S

The following function should be called in the prolog or epilog contexts. In these contexts, whitespaces are completely ignored. The return value from ssax:scan-Misc is either a PI-token, a DECL-token, a START token, or EOF. Comments are ignored and not reported.

Function: ssax:read-char-data port expect-eof? str-handler seed ¶

{sxml.ssax} This procedure is to read the character content of an XML document or an XML element.

 [43] content ::=
        (element | CharData | Reference | CDSect | PI
         | Comment)*

To be more precise, the procedure reads CharData, expands CDSect and character entities, and skips comments. The procedure stops at a named reference, EOF, at the beginning of a PI or a start/end tag.

port

a port to read

expect-eof?

a boolean indicating if EOF is normal, i.e., the character data may be terminated by the EOF. EOF is normal while processing a parsed entity.

str-handler

a STR-HANDLER.

seed

an argument passed to the first invocation of STR-HANDLER.

The procedure returns two results: seed and token.

The seed is the result of the last invocation of str-handler, or the original seed if str-handler was never called.

Token can be either an eof-object (this can happen only if expect-eof? was #t), or:

• an xml-token describing a START tag or an END-tag; For a start token, the caller has to finish reading it.
• an xml-token describing the beginning of a PI. It’s up to an application to read or skip through the rest of this PI;
• an xml-token describing a named entity reference.

CDATA sections and character references are expanded inline and never returned. Comments are silently disregarded.

As the XML Recommendation requires, all whitespace in character data must be preserved. However, a CR character (#xD) must be disregarded if it appears before a LF character (#xA), or replaced by a #xA character otherwise. See Secs. 2.10 and 2.11 of the XML Recommendation. See also the canonical XML Recommendation.

Function: ssax:assert-token token kind gi error-cont ¶

{sxml.ssax} Make sure that token is of anticipated kind and has anticipated gi. Note gi argument may actually be a pair of two symbols, Namespace URI or the prefix, and of the localname. If the assertion fails, error-cont is evaluated by passing it three arguments: token kind gi. The result of error-cont is returned.

---

12.59.4 SSAX Highest-level parsers - XML to SXML

These parsers are a set of syntactic forms to instantiate a SSAX parser. A user can instantiate the parser to do the full validation, or no validation, or any particular validation. The user specifies which PI he wants to be notified about. The user tells what to do with the parsed character and element data. The latter handlers determine if the parsing follows a SAX or a DOM model.

Macro: ssax:make-pi-parser my-pi-handlers ¶

{sxml.ssax} Create a parser to parse and process one Processing Element (PI).

My-pi-handlers: An assoc list of pairs (PI-TAG . PI-HANDLER) where PI-TAG is an NCName symbol, the PI target, and PI-HANDLER is a procedure port pi-tag seed where port points to the first symbol after the PI target. The handler should read the rest of the PI up to and including the combination ’?>’ that terminates the PI. The handler should return a new seed. One of the PI-TAGs may be a symbol *DEFAULT*. The corresponding handler will handle PIs that no other handler will. If the *DEFAULT* PI-TAG is not specified, ssax:make-pi-parser will make one, which skips the body of the PI.

The output of the ssax:make-pi-parser is a procedure port pi-tag seed, that will parse the current PI accoding to user-specified handlers.

Macro: ssax:make-elem-parser my-new-level-seed my-finish-element my-char-data-handler my-pi-handlers ¶

{sxml.ssax} Create a parser to parse and process one element, including its character content or children elements. The parser is typically applied to the root element of a document.

my-new-level-seed

procedure elem-gi attributes namespaces expected-content seed
where elem-gi is a RES-NAME of the element about to be processed. This procedure is to generate the seed to be passed to handlers that process the content of the element.

my-finish-element

procedure elem-gi attributes namespaces parent-seed seed
This procedure is called when parsing of elem-gi is finished. The seed is the result from the last content parser (or from my-new-level-seed if the element has the empty content). Parent-seed is the same seed as was passed to my-new-level-seed. The procedure is to generate a seed that will be the result of the element parser.

my-char-data-handler

A STR-HANDLER.

my-pi-handlers

See ssax:make-pi-handler above.

The generated parser is a: procedure start-tag-head port elems entities namespaces preserve-ws? seed.
The procedure must be called after the start tag token has been read. Start-tag-head is an UNRES-NAME from the start-element tag. Elems is an instance of xml-decl::elems. See ssax:complete-start-tag::preserve-ws?

Faults detected:

 VC: XML-Spec.html#elementvalid
 WFC: XML-Spec.html#GIMatch

Macro: ssax:make-parser user-handler-tag user-handler-proc … ¶

{sxml.ssax} Create an XML parser, an instance of the XML parsing framework. This will be a SAX, a DOM, or a specialized parser depending on the supplied user-handlers.

user-handler-tag is a symbol that identifies a procedural expression that follows the tag. Given below are tags and signatures of the corresponding procedures. Not all tags have to be specified. If some are omitted, reasonable defaults will apply.

tag: DOCTYPE

handler-procedure: port docname systemid internal-subset? seed

If internal-subset? is #t, the current position in the port is right after we have read #\[ that begins the internal DTD subset. We must finish reading of this subset before we return (or must call skip-internal-subset if we aren’t interested in reading it). The port at exit must be at the first symbol after the whole DOCTYPE declaration.

The handler-procedure must generate four values:
elems entities namespaces seed
See xml-decl::elems for elems. It may be #f to switch off the validation. namespaces will typically contain USER-PREFIXes for selected URI-SYMBs. The default handler-procedure skips the internal subset, if any, and returns (values #f '() '() seed).

tag: UNDECL-ROOT

handler-procedure: elem-gi seed
where elem-gi is an UNRES-NAME of the root element. This procedure is called when an XML document under parsing contains no DOCTYPE declaration. The handler-procedure, as a DOCTYPE handler procedure above, must generate four values:
elems entities namespaces seed
The default handler-procedure returns (values #f '() '() seed).

tag: DECL-ROOT

handler-procedure: elem-gi seed
where elem-gi is an UNRES-NAME of the root element. This procedure is called when an XML document under parsing does contains the DOCTYPE declaration. The handler-procedure must generate a new seed (and verify that the name of the root element matches the doctype, if the handler so wishes). The default handler-procedure is the identity function.

tag: NEW-LEVEL-SEED

handler-procedure: see ssax:make-elem-parser, my-new-level-seed

tag: FINISH-ELEMENT

handler-procedure: see ssax:make-elem-parser, my-finish-element

tag: CHAR-DATA-HANDLER

handler-procedure: see ssax:make-elem-parser, my-char-data-handler

tag: PI

handler-procedure: see ssax:make-pi-parser.
The default value is '().

The generated parser is a
procedure PORT SEED

This procedure parses the document prolog and then exits to an element parser (created by ssax:make-elem-parser) to handle the rest.

 [1]  document ::=  prolog element Misc*
 [22] prolog ::= XMLDecl? Misc* (doctypedec | Misc*)?
 [27] Misc ::= Comment | PI |  S

 [28] doctypedecl ::=  '<!DOCTYPE' S Name (S ExternalID)? S?
                        ('[' (markupdecl | PEReference | S)* ']' S?)? '>'
 [29] markupdecl ::= elementdecl | AttlistDecl
                      | EntityDecl
                      | NotationDecl | PI
                      | Comment

A few utility procedures that turned out useful.

Function: ssax:reverse-collect-str fragments ¶

{sxml.ssax} given the list of fragments (some of which are text strings) reverse the list and concatenate adjacent text strings.

Function: ssax:reverse-collect-str-drop-ws fragments ¶

{sxml.ssax} given the list of fragments (some of which are text strings) reverse the list and concatenate adjacent text strings. We also drop "unsignificant" whitespace, that is, whitespace in front, behind and between elements. The whitespace that is included in character data is not affected. We use this procedure to "intelligently" drop "insignificant" whitespace in the parsed SXML. If the strict compliance with the XML Recommendation regarding the whitespace is desired, please use the ssax:reverse-collect-str procedure instead.

Function: ssax:xml->sxml port namespace-prefix-assig ¶

{sxml.ssax} This is an instance of a SSAX parser above that returns an SXML representation of the XML document to be read from port. Namespace-prefix-assig is a list of (USER-PREFIX . URI-STRING) that assigns USER-PREFIXes to certain namespaces identified by particular URI-STRINGs. It may be an empty list. The procedure returns an SXML tree. The port points out to the first character after the root element.

Here’s a simple example:

(call-with-input-string
  "<book>
     <title>Land of Lisp</title>
     <author>Conrad Barski</author>
      <publisher>No Starch Press</publisher>
   </book>
   <book>
     <title>Programming Gauche</title>
     <author>Kahua Project</author>
     <author>Shiro Kawai</author>
     <publisher>O'Reilly Japan</publisher>
   </book>"
  (^p (ssax:xml->sxml p '())))
⇒
  (*TOP*
    (book (title "Land of Lisp")
          (author "Conrad Barski")
          (publisher "No Starch Press"))
    (book (title "Programming Gauche")
          (author "Kahua Project")
          (author "Shiro Kawai")
          (publisher "O'Reilly Japan")))

The entire document is put in a pseudo node *TOP*, since the document may contain more than one toplevel nodes. The *TOP* node can also keep the meta information. In the following example, the XML declaration is kept under a pseudo node *PI* (processing instructions).

(call-with-input-string
  "<?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"?>
   <book>
     <title>Programming Gauche</title>
     <author>Kahua Project</author>
     <author>Shiro Kawai</author>
     <publisher>O'Reilly Japan</publisher>
   </book>"
  (^p (ssax:xml->sxml p '())))
⇒
  (*TOP*
    (*PI* xml "version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"utf-8\"")
    (book (title "Programming Gauche") (author "Kahua Project")
          (author "Shiro Kawai") (publisher "O'Reilly Japan")))

Namespaces are recognized, and their aliases are fully expanded to the URI by default:

(call-with-input-string
  "<b:book xmlns:b=\"https://example.com/book/\">
     <b:title>Programming Gauche</b:title>
     <b:author>Kahua Project</b:author>
     <b:author>Shiro Kawai</b:author>
     <b:publisher>O'Reilly Japan</b:publisher>
   </b:book>"
  (^p (ssax:xml->sxml p '())))
⇒
  (*TOP*
   (https://example.com/book/:book
    (https://example.com/book/:title "Programming Gauche")
    (https://example.com/book/:author "Kahua Project")
    (https://example.com/book/:author "Shiro Kawai")
    (https://example.com/book/:publisher "O'Reilly Japan")))

(This is because namespace aliases can have nested scopes, so just keeping aliases loses information)

However, tags with fully expanded namespace prefix is cumbersome. You can provide your own namespace aliases for more compact output with namespace-prefix-assig argument.

(call-with-input-string
  "<b:book xmlns:b=\"https://example.com/book/\">
     <b:title>Programming Gauche</b:title>
     <b:author>Kahua Project</b:author>
     <b:author>Shiro Kawai</b:author>
     <b:publisher>O'Reilly Japan</b:publisher>
   </b:book>"
  (^p (ssax:xml->sxml p '((Book . "https://example.com/book/")))))
⇒
  (*TOP*
   (@ (*NAMESPACES* (Book "https://example.com/book/")))
   (Book:book (Book:title "Programming Gauche")
              (Book:author "Kahua Project")
              (Book:author "Shiro Kawai")
              (Book:publisher "O'Reilly Japan")))